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  Nietsche's next step is to attack our existing values, and to assert that we ought not to want to preserve them in any case. What enabled human beings to emerge from the animal state, he says, and to develop civilization, including everything we mean by the word culture, was the perpetual elimination of the weak by the strong, the incompetent by the competent, the stupid by the clever. Only because these processes carried on over countless ages did the things that we most value about our human existence come into being. But then along came the so-called moralists like Socrates and Jesus and said that there should be laws to protect the weak against the strong, and that justice should reign, not strength; and that the meek, not the enterprising should inherit the earth. The very processes by which man had been raised above the animals, and civilization brought into being, were then put into reverse.
  
  Natural leaders¡ª the confident, the courageous, the innovators¡ª were shackled by value systems that set them on equal terms with the mediocre mass of mankind. The typical characteristics of slaves were hailed as virtues: a life of service to others, self-denial, self-sacrifice.Even gifted individuals were what Nietzsche calls "un-selfed" by this. And it was all done in the name of morality! It is all, says Nietzsche, the worst possible decadence, a denial of everything that has produced culture and civilization. If it is allowed to go on, it will put an end to everything that we value most in our world. We must on no account continue with these slave-moralities. 〈Bryan Magee, The Story of philosophy〉
  
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