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  Thirdly using reports of the factory inspectorate, Marx quotes examples of bad conditions and ill¡©treatment of workers as though they were the inevitable norm of the system; in fact these were the responsibility of what the inspectors themselves call 'the fraudulent mill-owner', whom they were appointed to detect and prosecute and who was thus in the process of being eliminated.
  
  Fourthly the fact that Marx's main evidence came from this source, the inspectorate, betrays his biggest cheat of all. It was his thesis that capitalism was, by its nature, incorrigible and, further, that in the miseries it inflicted on the workers, the bourgeois State was its associate since the State, he wrote, 'is an executive committee for managing the affairs of the governing class as a whole'. But if that were true Parliament would never have passed the Factory Acts, nor the State enforced them. Virtually all Marx's facts, selectively deployed (and sometimes falsified) as they were, came from the efforts of the State (inspectors, courts, Justices of the Peace) to improve conditions, which necessarily involved exposing and punishing those responsible for bad ones. If the system had not been in the process of reforming itself, which by Marx's reasoning was impossible, Capital could not have been written. As he was unwilling to do any on¡©the¡©spot investigating himself, he was forced to rely precisely on the evidence of those, whom he designated 'the governing class', who were trying to put things right and to an increasing extent succeeding. Thus Marx had to distort his main source of evidence, or abandon his thesis. The book was, and is, structurally dishonest.
  
  ¼Â° °øÀå °¨»ç°üµéÀÇ º¸°í¼­¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇϸ鼭, Marx´Â ¿­¾ÇÇÑ ±Ù·ÎÁ¶°Ç°ú ³ëµ¿ÀÚ Çд뿡 ´ëÇÑ »ç·ÊµéÀ» ±×°ÍµéÀÌ ¸¶Ä¡ Á¦µµ(ÀÚº»ÁÖÀÇ)ÀÇ ºÒ°¡ÇÇÇÑ ÀϹݼöÁØ(norm)ÀÎ °Íó·³ ÀοëÇÏ¿´´Ù. »ç½ÇÀº À̰͵éÀº °¨»ç°üµéÀÌ ½º½º·Î ÁöĪÇÑ ¡®»ç±â²Û °øÀåÁÖ¡¯ÀÇ Ã¥ÀÓÀ̾úÀ¸¸ç ÀÌ·± °øÀåÁÖ¸¦ Àû¹ßÇÏ°í ó¹úÇϱâ À§Çؼ­ °¨»ç°üµéÀÌ ÀÓ¸íµÇ¾ú¾ú°í, ±×·¡¼­ ÀÌ·± ¾Ç´ö¾÷ÁÖ´Â Á¦°ÅµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â °úÁ¤¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
  
  ³Ý°, MarxÀÇ Áß¿äÇÑ Áõ°Å´Â ÀÌ ¿øõ Áï °¨»ç°üÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ³ª¿Ô´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀº ±×ÀÇ °¡Àå Å« ¼ÓÀÓ¼ö¸¦ Æø·Î(betray:¹è¹ÝÇÏ´Ù, ´©¼³ÇÏ´Ù)ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÚº»ÁÖÀÇ´Â º»ÁúÀûÀ¸·Î ±³Á¤ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù´Â °Í, ±×·¡¼­ ÀÚº»ÁÖÀÇ°¡ ³ëµ¿Àڵ鿡°Ô °¡ÇÏ´Â ºñÂüÇÔ¿¡ À־ ºÎ·ÎÁÖ¾Æ ±¹°¡´Â ÀÚº»ÁÖÀÇ(its)ÀÇ Ä£±¸¶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ ±×ÀÇ ¸íÁ¦ÀÌ´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±¹°¡´Â ¡®Áö¹è°è±ÞÀÇ ÀÏÀ» Àü¹ÝÀûÀ¸·Î °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â ÁýÇàÀ§¿ø¡¯À̱⠶§¹®À̶ó°í ±×´Â ½è¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×°ÍÀÌ ÂüÀ̶ó¸é ÀÇȸ´Â °øÀå¹ýÀ» °áÄÚ Åë°ú½ÃÅ°Áö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ» °ÍÀÌ°í Á¤ºÎµµ ±× ¹ýµéÀ» ÁýÇàÇÏÁöµµ ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. »ç½Ç»ó MarxÀÇ ¸ðµç »ç½Ç(ÀÚ·á)µéÀº, ¼±º°ÀûÀ¸·Î ¹èÄ¡µÇ¾úÁö¸¸ (¶§·Î´Â Á¶À۵DZ⵵ Çß´Ù), ±Ù·ÎÁ¶°ÇÀ» °³¼±ÇÏ·Á´Â ±¹°¡£Û¼ö»ç°ü, ¹ýÁ¤, ÆòÈ­ÀÇ ÆÇ»ç (ÀÛÀº »ç°ÇÀ» ½ÉÆÇÇÏ´Â ÆÇ»ç)£ÝÀÇ ³ë·ÂÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿Â °ÍÀ̸ç ÀÌ·± ³ë·ÂÀº ÇÊ¿¬ÀûÀ¸·Î ¿­¾ÇÇÑ ±Ù·ÎÁ¶°Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ã¥ÀÓÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ÀÚµéÀ» Àû¹ßÇÏ°í ó¹úÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¸¸¾à Á¦µµ(ÀÚº»ÁÖÀÇ)°¡ ½º½º·Î¸¦ °³ÇõÇÏ·Á´Â °úÁ¤¿¡ ÀÖÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´õ¶ó¸é, MarxÀÇ °ßÇطδ ÀÌ°ÍÀº ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ¿´Áö¸¸, ¡®ÀÚº»·Ð¡¯Àº ¾²¿©Áú ¼ö ¾ø¾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ Á÷Á¢ ¾î¶°ÇÑ ÇöÀåÁ¶»çµµ ÇÒ ¶æÀÌ ¾ø¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ±×°¡ ¡®ÅëÄ¡°è±Þ¡¯À̶ó°í Áö¸íÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Áõ°Å¿¡ Á¤¹ÐÇÏ°Ô ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø¾ú°í, À̵éÀº ÀϵéÀ»(³ëµ¿ÇöÀå¿¡¼­ ÀϾ´Â) ¿Ã¹Ù¸£°Ô ÇÏ·Á°í ³ë·ÂÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾ú°í Á¡ÁõÇÏ´Â Á¤µµ·Î ¼º°øÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ Marx´Â ±×ÀÇ Áõ°ÅÀÇ ÁÖµÈ ¿øõÀ» ¿Ö°î½ÃÄѾ߸¸ Çß°í ±×·¸Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ±×ÀÇ ¸íÁ¦¸¦ Æ÷±âÇؾ߸¸ Çß´Ù. ±× Ã¥(ÀÚº»·Ð)Àº ±¸Á¶ÀûÀ¸·Î Á¤Á÷ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ¿´°í Áö±Ýµµ ±×·¸´Ù.
  
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  ÏÐÎçð¤Óø(±¹±³Á¦µµ)°¡ ÆóÁöµÇ¸é Á¾±³°¡ ´õ ¹øâÇÏ´Â °Íó·³ ±â¾÷Àº ±ÔÁ¦°¡ Ç®¸®¸é ´õ ÀßÇÑ´Ù. °æÁ¦Àü¹®°¡´Â ±×µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ÆòÆÇ¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ´ëÁߺ¸´Ùµµ ÈξÀ ´õ ³«°üÀûÀÎ °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. Á¤Ä¡°¡´Â ´ëÁßÀÇ ºñ°üÁÖÀÇ¿Í °æÁ¦Àü¹®°¡ÀÇ ³«°üÁÖÀǸ¦ Á¶Á¤ÇÏ¿© ±ÕÇüÀ» ¸ÂÃß¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Á¤Ä¡°¡µéÀº ´ëÁßÀÇ °øÆ÷½ÉÀ» ð¾íþ(Á¶Àå)ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ Á¤±Ç À¯Áö³ª ȹµæ¿¡ À¯¸®ÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾È´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÀڽŵéÀÌ ¼±ÃâµÇ¸é »óȲÀº ³ª¾ÆÁú °ÍÀ̶ó°í È®½ÅÇÏ´Â °Íó·³ ¸»ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
  
  ±×´Â ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀǴ ȥ¶õ½º·´°í µÚÁ×¹ÚÁ×ó·³ º¸À̳ª µ¶Àç´Â ±×¿¡ ºñÇØ ´õ ³ª»Ú´Ü Á¡À» °­Á¶ÇÑ´Ù. Caplan ±³¼ö´Â ¡®¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ´Â Áö±Ý±îÁö Àηù°¡ ¶§¶§·Î ½ÃµµÇغ» ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç Á¤Ä¡ÇüÅÂ(±ºÁÖÁ¦, ÀüüÁÖÀÇ µî)¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í ÃÖ¾ÇÀÇ ÅëÄ¡ÇüÅ¡¯¶ó´Â óĥ(Churchill)ÀÇ ÑÑåë(±Ý¾ð) ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ¿ä¾àÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ÀڽŵéÀÇ °æÁ¦Àû ¹«Áö¸¦ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô °­¿äÇÏ·Á´Â ´Ù¼ö ´ëÁßÀÇ °æÇâÀ» ¾ïÁ¦Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ¡®»ç¶÷µéÀÌ Á¤ºÎ¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ´Â °Íº¸´Ù´Â °³ÀÎÀÇ ¼±Åÿ¡ ´õ ÀÇÁ¸Çϵµ·Ï ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù¡¯°í ¿ª¼³ÇÑ´Ù.
  
  '¿ä¶÷¿¡¼­ ¹«´ý±îÁö' ±¹°¡°¡ ¸ðµÎ Ã¥ÀÓÁø´Ù´Â ±¹°¡ÁÖÀÇ Á¤Ã¥À¸·Î °ñº´ÀÌ µç ¿µ±¹ °æÁ¦¸¦ ±¸ÃâÇÑ ´ëó(Thatcher) ¼ö»óµµ °æÁ¦¿¡ À־ ±¹°¡º¸´Ù´Â °³ÀÎÀÌ ÁÖµµÀûÀÌ µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÏ¿´´Ù:
  
  £¼Thatcher believed passionately in individual autonomy and the capacity for national renewal-if the energy of ordinary people could be freed by the magic of market economics. (Thatcher´Â ¸¸¾à ÀÏ¹Ý ±¹¹ÎÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö°¡ ½ÃÀå°æÁ¦ÀÇ ¸¶·Â¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ­ ÇعæµÈ´Ù¸é °³ÀÎÀÇ ÀÚ¸³°ú ±¹°¡ÀÇ Àç»ý ´É·ÂÀ» ¿­·ÄÇÏ°Ô ¹Ï¾ú´Ù.)£¾
  
  Âü°í:- The Economist June 6th 2007, 'Vote for me, dumwit'
   - The Economist July 23rd 2022, 'The Vision Thing'
[ 2022-08-02, 08:40 ] Æ®À§ÅÍÆ®À§ÅÍ  ÆäÀ̽ººÏÆäÀ̽ººÏ  ¹ÌÅõµ¥À̹ÌÅõµ¥ÀÌ  ¿äÁò¿äÁò  ³×À̹ö³×À̹ö
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