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FREEDOM ±³¾ç¿µ¾î (145): Socrates-4

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  The very nature of what Socrates did made him a disruptive and subversive influence. He was teaching people to question everything, and he was exposing the ignorance of individuals in power and authority. He became a highly controversial figure, much loved but also much hated. At one of the city's public festivals he was caricatured in the theatre in front of the whole population of Athens by the comic dramatist Aristophanes, in a play called The Clouds (423 BC). In the end, the authorities arrested him on charges of corrupting the young, and condemned to die by poison. The detailed story of his trial and death is one of the most inspiring tragedies in the history of human thought.
  
  What has made Socrates in some ways the best known of all philosophers is that it was he who began the relentless questioning of our basic concepts that has been characteristic of philosophy ever since. He used to say that he had no positive teachings to offer, only questions to ask. But this was disingenuous. From certain lines of questioning to which he continually reverts, it becomes clear that there are certain cherished beliefs that underlie much of what he says.
  
  Socrates°¡ ÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀÇ ¹Ù·Î ±× Ư¼ºÀÌ ±×¸¦ ºÐ¿­ÀûÀÌ°í Æı«ÀûÀÎ ¿µÇâ·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ´Â Àι°·Î ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¸ðµç °Í¿¡ Àǹ®À» °¡Áö¶ó°í °¡¸£Ä¡°í ÀÖ¾ú°í ±×·¡¼­ ±×´Â ±Ç·Â°ú ±ÇÀ§¸¦ °¡Áø °³ÀεéÀÇ ¹«Áö¸¦ Æø·ÎÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ¸¹Àº »ç¶ûÀ» ¹Þ¾ÒÁö¸¸ ¶ÇÇÑ ¸¹Àº ¹Ì¿òÀ» ¹Þ´Â ¸Å¿ì ³íÀïÀûÀÎ Àι°ÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ±× µµ½ÃÀÇ °ø°ø ÃàÁ¦ÁßÀÇ ÇÑ ÃàÁ¦¿¡¼­, AthensÀÇ Àüü ½Ã¹Îµé ¾Õ¿¡¼­, Èñ±Ø ±ØÀÛ°¡ AristophanesÀÇ The Clouds¶ó´Â ±ØÀÇ ¹«´ë¿¡¼­ dzÀڵǾú´Ù. °á±¹ ´ç±¹Àº ÀþÀº »ç¶÷µéÀ» Ÿ¶ô½ÃŲ´Ù´Â Á˸ñÀ¸·Î ±×¸¦ üÆ÷ÇÏ¿´°í µ¶¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ­ Á×À̶ó´Â ¼±°í¸¦ ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ÀçÆÇ°ú Á×À½¿¡ °üÇÑ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ À̾߱â´Â Àΰ£ÀÇ »ç»óÀÇ ¿ª»ç¿¡ À־ °¡Àå ¿µ°¨À» ¸¹ÀÌ ÁÖ´Â ºñ±Ø ÁßÀÇ ÇϳªÀÌ´Ù.
  
  Socrates¸¦ ¾î¶² ¸é¿¡¼­ öÇÐÀÚµé Áß¿¡¼­ °¡Àå À¯¸íÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µç °ÍÀº ÀÌÈÄ Ã¶ÇÐÀÇ Æ¯Â¡ÀÌ µÈ ¿ì¸®°¡ °¡Áø ±âº» °³³ä¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹«ÀÚºñÇÑ ½É¹®À» ½ÃÀÛÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ±×¿´±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â ±×°¡ Á¦°øÇÒ ±àÁ¤ÀûÀÎ °¡¸£Ä§Àº ¾ø°í ¿ÀÁ÷ ¹°¾î º¼ Áú¹®»ÓÀ̶ó°í ´Ã ¸»ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¼ÖÁ÷ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×°¡ ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ µÇµ¹¾Æ°¡´Â Áú¹®ÀÇ °æÇâ(lines)À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÆÇ´ÜÇغ¸¸é, ±×°¡ ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÇ ¸¹Àº ºÎºÐÀÇ ±âÀú¸¦ ÀÌ·ç´Â, ±×°¡ ¼ÒÁßÈ÷ °£Á÷ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â, ¾î¶² ½Å³äµéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ºÐ¸íÇØÁø´Ù.
  
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  SocratesÀÇ ¹®´ä¹ýÀº ÁúÀÇÀÀ´äÀÇ °úÁ¤À» ÅëÇؼ­ Áø¸®¸¦ ã¾Æ°¡´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÎ º¯Áõ¹ýÀ» öÇÐÀÇ Á߽ɺο¡ ÀÚ¸®Àâ°Ô ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ¹æ¹ýÀº °è¼Ó Á¸¼ÓÇØ ¿Ô°í ƯÈ÷ Îçâ£Ûö(±³¼ö¹ý)À¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¹®´ä¹ýÀÌ ¸ðµç Á¾·ùÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ µ¿µîÇÏ°Ô ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù¡ª¿¹¸¦ µé¾î¼­ ±×°ÍÀº ¼öÇÐ °°Àº ¼ø¼ö Áö½ÄÀ» Àü´ÞÇÏ´Â µ¥´Â ¶È°°ÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê´Ù¡ª±×·¯³ª »ç¶÷µé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ±×µéÀÌ ÀÌ¹Ì ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀçÁ¡°ËÇϵµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î¼­´Â ±×°ÍÀº ºñ±³°¡ µÇÁö ¾ÊÀ» Á¤µµ ÈǸ¢ÇÏ´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀÌ SocratesÀÇ ¹®´ä¹ýÀ» Á¦´ë·Î ¹è¿ì°í ½ÇÇàÇÏ¿´´õ¶ó¸é Àηù ¿ª»ç»ó Á¾±³³ª »ç»óÀ̳ª À̳äÀÇ ±¤½ÅÀÚµéÀÌ ÀÏÀ¸Å°´Â ½Å³äÀÇ ÀüÀïÀ¸·Î ±×·¸°Ô ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Á×°í ´ÙÄ¡´Â ºñ±ØÀû ÂüÈ­´Â ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹°·Ð 6¡¤25 ³²Ä§ ÀüÀïµµ ¾ø¾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±è´ëÁß-³ë¹«Çö-¹®ÀçÀÎÀÇ ÁÂÆÄÁ¤±Çµµ ž ¼ö ¾ø¾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.(°è¼Ó)
  
  
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