Be true to yourself
It is doubtful whether any philosopher has had more influence than Socrates. He was the first to teach the priority of personal integrity in terms of a person's duty to himself, and not to the gods, or the law, or any other authorities. This has had incalcurable influence down to the ages. Not only was he willing to die at the hands of the law rather than give up saying what he believed to be right, he actually chose to do so, when he could have escaped had he wished. It is a priority that has been reasserted by some of the greatest minds since¡ªminds not necessarily under his influence. Jesus said: what will a man gain by winning the whole world, at the cost of true self?" And Shakespeare said: This above all: to thine own self be true."
In addition to this, Socrates did more than any other individual to establish the principle that everything must be open to question¡ªthere can be no cut and dried answers, because answers, like everything else, are themselves open to question. Following on from this, he established at the centre of philosophy a method known a dialectic, the method of seeking truth by a process of question and answer. It has remained there ever since, and is used particularly as a teaching method¡ªwhich is after all what Socrates himself used it for. It is not equally appropriate for all forms of teaching¡ªit is not, for example, a good way of imparting pure information¡ªbut as a way of getting people to re-examine what they think they already know, it is incomparable. To be most effective it calls for a sympathetic personal relationship between teacher and pupil, one in which the teacher truly understands the pupil's difficulties and prompts him step by step in the right direction. This is often called ¡°Socratic method.¡±£¼Bryan Magee(1998), The Story of Philosophy£¾
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