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FREEDOM ±³¾ç¿µ¾î (154) Hamlet

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  For the whole of the second act—the play¡¯s rising action—Hamlet delays his revenge by pretending to be mad. We learn from Ophelia that Hamlet is behaving as if he is mad with love for her. We see him make fun of Polonius by talking nonsense which contains half-hidden jokes at Polonius¡¯s expense. Hamlet tells Rosencrantz and Guildenstern that he has 'lost all [his] mirth' (II.ii.). Only at the end of Act 2 do we learn the reason for Hamlet¡¯s delaying tactics: he cannot work out his true feelings about his duty to take revenge. First, he tells us, he doesn¡¯t feel as angry and vengeful as he thinks he should: ¡°I[¡¦]Peak like John-a-dreams, unpregnant of my cause¡± (II.ii.). Second, he¡¯s worried that the Ghost wasn¡¯t really a ghost but a devil trying to trick him. He decides he needs more evidence of Claudius¡¯s crime: ¡°I¡¯ll have grounds/More relative than this¡± (II.ii.).
  
  As the rising action builds toward a climax, Hamlet¡¯s internal struggle deepens until he starts to show signs of really going mad. At the same time Claudius becomes suspicious of Hamlet, which creates an external pressure on Hamlet to act. Hamlet begins Act Three debating whether or not to kill himself: ¡°To be or not to be—that is the question¡± (III.i.), and moments later he hurls misogynistic abuse at Ophelia. He is particularly upset about women¡¯s role in marriage and childbirth—¡°Why wouldst thou be a breeder of sinners?¡± (III.i.)—which reminds the audience of Hamlet¡¯s earlier disgust with his own mother and her second marriage.
  
  2¸· Àüü¿¡¼­ ¡ª±ØÀÇ »ó½ÂÈ°µ¿¡ªHamletÀº ±¤±â¸¦ °¡ÀåÇؼ­ º¹¼ö¸¦ Áö¿¬½ÃŲ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â Ophelia·ÎºÎÅÍ HamletÀÌ ±×³à¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ç¶û ¶§¹®¿¡ ¹ÌÄ£ °Íó·³ ÇൿÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù°í µè´Â´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ±×°¡ Polonius¸¦ Èñ»ýÇؼ­ ¹ÝÂë ¼û°ÜÁø(Áø½ÇÀÌ) ³ó´ãÀ» ´ã°í ÀÖ´Â ¹«ÀǹÌÇÑ ¸»µéÀ» ÇÔ¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ­ Polonius¸¦ Èñ·ÕÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» º»´Ù. HamletÀº Rosencrantz¿Í Guildenstern¿¡°Ô '[±×ÀÇ] ¸ðµç ±â»Ý'À» ÀÒ¾î ¹ö·È´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. 2¸·ÀÇ ³¡¿¡¼­¾ß ¿ì¸®´Â ±×ÀÇ Àü¼ú(º¹¼ö ½ÇÇà)ÀÇ ¿¬±âÀÇ ÀÌÀ¯¸¦ ¾Ë°Ô µÈ´Ù: º¹¼ö¸¦ ÇØ¾ß µÉ ±×ÀÇ Àǹ«¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¨Á¤À» µµÃâÇØ ³¾ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù(´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù). ù°, ±×´Â ±×°¡ ´ç¿¬È÷ ´À²¸¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â °Í¸¸Å­ ºÐ³ë³ª º¹¼ö½ÉÀ» ´À³¢Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù°í ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: ¡°³ªÀÇ ¸ñÀû(cause)À» Àú¹ö¸®°í(unpregnant=unquickened:»¡¸® ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â) ¹éÀϸù ȯÀÚó·³ Çì¸Å°í ´Ù´Ï°í ÀÖ¾î.(peak=mope ¹æȲÇÏ´Ù)¡±. µÑ°, ±×´Â ±× À¯·ÉÀº ÁøÂ¥ À¯·ÉÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï°í ±×¸¦ ¼ÓÀÌ·Á´Â ¾Ç¸¶¶ó°í °ÆÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. ±×´Â ClaudiusÀÇ ¹üÁË¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â ´õ ¸¹Àº Áõ°Å°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù°í °á·ÐÀ» ³»¸°´Ù: ¡°À̺¸´Ù ´õ ÀûÀýÇÑ(relative) Áõ°Å¸¦ °¡Á®¾ß°Ú´Ù.¡±
  
  ±ØÀÇ »ó½ÂÈ°µ¿ÀÌ Å¬¶óÀ̸ƽº·Î ÇâÇؼ­ ÃàÀûµÇ¾î °¥ ¶§, HamletÀÇ ³»Àû °¥µîÀº ±×°¡ Á¤¸»·Î ¹ÌÄ£ ÁþÀ» Çϴ ¡ǥ¸¦ º¸À̱⠽ÃÀÛÇÒ ¶§±îÁö ½ÉÈ­µÈ´Ù. µ¿½Ã¿¡ Claudius´Â HamletÀ» ÀǽÉÇÏ°Ô µÇ°í ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ HamletÀÌ ÇൿÇϵµ·Ï ¿ÜÀû ¾Ð·ÂÀ» ¸¸µé¾î ³½´Ù. HamletÀº ÀÚ»ìÀ» ÇÒÁö ¸»Áö¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ ³íÀïÇϸ鼭 3¸·À» ½ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù: ¡°»ç´À³Ä Á×´À³Ä¡ª ±×°ÍÀÌ ¹®Á¦¾ß.¡± ±×¸®°í ¾ó¸¶ ÈÄ¿¡ Ophelia¿¡°Ô ¿©¼º Çø¿ÀÁõÀûÀÎ µ¶¼³À» Æۺ״´Ù. ±×´Â °áÈ¥°ú Ãâ»ê¿¡ À־ ¿©¼ºµéÀÇ ¿ªÇÒ¿¡ ºÐ³ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù¡ª¡°´ç½ÅÀº ¿Ö ÁËÀÎÀ» Áõ½Ä½ÃÅ°´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ µÇ·Á°í Çմϱî?¡±—ÀÌ°ÍÀº °üÁߵ鿡°Ô ±ØÀÇ ÃÊ¿¡ ±× ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾î¸Ó´Ï¿Í ±×³àÀÇ µÎ ¹ø° °áÈ¥¿¡ ´ëÇÑ HamletÀÇ Çø¿À°¨À» »ó±â½ÃÄÑ ÁØ´Ù.
  
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  HamletÀ» ¼ÓÀÌ´Â °ÍÀº ¹Ù·Î ¿Ü°ßÀ̶ó´Â »ç½ÇÀÌ ¾ÆÀÌ·¯´Ï(irony)ÀÇ ÇÙ½ÉÀÌ´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ¿ÕÀº ½ÇÁ¦·Î´Â ÀüÇô ±âµµÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ÀÖ¾ú°í, HamletÀÇ Ãß·ÐÀº À߸øµÈ °¡Á¤°ú À߸øµÈ ¿Ü°ß¿¡ ±Ù°Å¸¦ µÎ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿À·ù·Î ÀÎÇØ ¿ÕÀÌ ±âµµ¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¿µÈ¥À» ïäûù(Á¤È­)ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ¿ÀÆÇÇÏ°í ±×¸¦ Á×ÀÌÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â ±Ã³»´ë½Å Polonius¸¦ Àڱ⸦ ¿°Å½ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ¿ÕÀ̶ó°í Âø°¢Ç߱⠶§¹®¿¡ Á×ÀδÙ. HamletÀº ¼±ÀÇ·Î ÇൿÇÏÁö¸¸ ¿ø·¡ÀÇ Àǵµ¿Í´Â ¹Ý´ë·Î ¾ÇÀ» ÇàÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. Àǵµ¿Í ÇൿÀÌ ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. »ý°¢ÀÌ ÇൿÀ» µû¶ó°¡Áö ¸øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â Àڽŵµ ¸ð¸£°Ô Claudius°¡ °æÇèÇÏ´Â »óȲ°ú ºñ½ÁÇÑ »óȲ¿¡ ³õÀÌ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ±×´Â Á˾ÇÀÇ ¼Ó¹Ú¿¡¼­ ź½ÄÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ClaudiusÀÇ »óȲÀ» À翬ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
  
  ‹¿À, µ£¿¡ °É¸° ³» ¿µÈ¥, ¹þ¾î³ª±â À§ÇØ ¸öºÎ¸²Ä¥¼ö·Ï ´õ ²Ä¦ ¸ø ÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Â±¸³ª!›
  
  ¿ÕÀÇ À¯Á˸¦ È®½ÅÇÑ HamletÀº Á¤ÀÇÀÇ ¼öÈ£Àڷμ­ ±×¸®°í ¡¹úÀÇ º­¶ôÀ» Ä¡´Â ÇÏ´ÃÀÇ ´ë¸®ÀÎÀ¸·Î¼­ ÀDZâ¾ç¾çÇÏ°Ô º¹¼öÀÇ Ä®À» µéÁö¸¸ ¾ÇÀÎÀ» ó´ÜÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒ »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¾û¶×ÇÏ°Ôµµ ÁË ¾ø´Â Polonius¸¦ »ìÇØÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ±×´Â ÀÌÁ¦ ÇÇ ¹¯Àº ¼Õ°ú Á˾ÇÀ¸·Î ¿À¿°µÈ Á¤½ÅÀ» °¡Áö°Ô µÈ´Ù. ±×´Â ¾Ç°ú ½Î¿üÁö¸¸ ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ±× ¾Ç¿¡ ¸ÅÀÌ°Ô µÈ´Ù. Á¤ÀÇÀÇ ½ÇÇöÀ̶ó´Â ¿ø·¡ÀÇ ¸ñÇ¥´Â ´õ¿í ´õ ¸Ö¾îÁö°Ô µÈ´Ù.
  
  HamletÀº '»ý°¢ÀÇ Ã¢¹éÇÑ ±×´Ã'À̶ó´Â ¸»·Î½á ÇൿÀ» ¸¶ºñ½ÃÅ°´Â »ý°¢ÀÇ À§·Â¿¡ ´ëÇØ µ¶¹éÇÑ ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦ ±×´Â ¡°³» »ý°¢Àº ÇǸ¦ º¸¾Æ¾ß µÇ°í ±×·¸Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ¾Æ¹« ¼Ò¿ëÀÌ ¾ø¾î!¡±¶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÏ°Ô µÇ°í º¹¼ö¿¡¸¸ ¸ôµÎÇÒ °¢¿À¸¦ ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÆйèÀÇ Â¡ÈÄÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ»óÁÖÀÇÀû ¿­¸ÁÀÇ Æйè¿Í ÁÂÀýÀº À§ÇèÇÑ Æø·ÂÀ» ³º´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀº Çö´ë»ç¿¡¼­ ÈçÈ÷ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Çö»óÀÌ´Ù. ºñ±ØÀû ¿µ¿õÀ¸·Î ž HamletÀÌ ¹ß°ßÇÏ°í ¼ö¿ëÇØ¾ß µÉ °ÍÀº Àΰ£ÀÌ °Å´ë´ã·ÐÀ̳ª ÀÌ»ó¿¡ »ç·ÎÀâÈ÷¸é ±× ´ã·ÐÀ̳ª ÀÌ»óÀÇ Å©±â¿¡ ºñ·ÊÇؼ­ Àå¾Öµµ ¸¹¾ÆÁø´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ°í ¶ÇÇÑ ãê¿¡ °¡±î¿ï ¸¸Å­ À̼ºÀû ´É·ÂÀÌ ¶Ù¾î³­ »ç¶÷Àº »ý°¢À» ÇൿÀ¸·Î ¿Å±â±â Àü¿¡ Á¿츦 öÀúÇÏ°Ô »ìÆì¾ß Çϸç ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ´É·ÂÀ» ¹ßÈÖÇϱâ À§ÇØ ÁöºÒÇØ¾ß µÇ´Â ´ë°¡¶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
  
  
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