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FREEDOM ±³¾ç¿µ¾î (156)ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ 'Hamlet'ÀÇ ºñ±Ø ¼¼°èÀÌ¸ç »îÀÇ ºñ±ØÀû ¹Ì½ºÅ͸®(mystery)ÀÌ´Ù.

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  The Complexity of Action
  
  Directly related to the theme of certainty is the theme of action. How is it possible to take reasonable, effective, purposeful action? In 'Hamlet', the question of how to act is affected not only by rational considerations, such as the need for certainty, but also by emotional, ethical, and psychological factors. Hamlet himself appears to distrust the idea that it¡¯s even possible to act in a controlled, purposeful way. When he does act, he prefers to do it blindly, recklessly, and violently. The other characters obviously think much less about 'action' in the abstract than Hamlet does, and are therefore less troubled about the possibility of acting effectively. They simply act as they feel is appropriate. But in some sense they prove that Hamlet is right, because all of their actions miscarry. Claudius possesses himself of queen and crown through bold action, but his conscience torments him, and he is beset by threats to his authority (and, of course, he dies). Laertes resolves that nothing will distract him from acting out his revenge, but he is easily influenced and manipulated into serving Claudius¡¯s ends, and his poisoned rapier is turned back upon himself.
  
  The Nation as a Diseased Body
  
  Everything is connected in 'Hamlet', including the welfare of the royal family and the health of the state as a whole. The play¡¯s early scenes explore the sense of anxiety and dread that surrounds the transfer of power from one ruler to the next. Throughout the play, characters draw explicit connections between the moral legitimacy of a ruler and the health of the nation. Denmark is frequently described as a physical body made ill by the moral corruption of Claudius and Gertrude, and many observers interpret the presence of the ghost as a supernatural omen indicating that ¡°[s]omething is rotten in the state of Denmark¡± (I.iv.67). The dead King Hamlet is portrayed as a strong, forthright ruler under whose guard the state was in good health, while Claudius, a wicked politician, has corrupted and compromised Denmark to satisfy his own appetites. At the end of the play, the rise to power of the upright Fortinbras suggests that Denmark will be strengthened once again.
  
  ÇàÀ§ÀÇ º¹À⼺
  
  ÇàÀ§ÀÇ ÁÖÁ¦´Â È®½Ç¼ºÀÇ ÁÖÁ¦¿Í Á÷Á¢ °ü·ÃµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀÌ°í È¿°úÀûÀ̸ç ÇÕ¸ñÀûÀûÀÎ ÇàÀ§¸¦ ÃëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô °¡´ÉÇÑ°¡? 'Hamlet'¿¡¼­´Â, ¾î¶»°Ô ÇൿÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´À³ÄÀÇ ¹®Á¦´Â È®½Ç¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇÊ¿ä¿Í °°Àº ±×·± ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀÎ °í·Á¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ­ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÞÀ» »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¶ÇÇÑ °¨Á¤Àû, À±¸®Àû, ±×¸®°í ½É¸®Àû ¿äÀο¡ ÀÇÇؼ­µµ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ´Â´Ù. Hamlet ÀÚ½ÅÀº ½ÉÁö¾î ÅëÁ¦µÇ°í ÇÕ¸ñÀûÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ÇൿÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù´Â »ý°¢À» ºÒ½ÅÇÏ´Â °Íó·³ º¸ÀδÙ. ±×°¡ ÇൿÀ» ÇÒ ¶§´Â, ±×´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ¸Í¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î, °æ¼ÖÇÏ°Ô, ³­ÆøÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¼±È£ÇÑ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ Àι°µéÀº ºÐ¸íÈ÷ Hamletº¸´Ù´Â 'ÇàÀ§'¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ ÀÌ·ÐÀûÀ¸·Î(in the abstract) ÈξÀ ´õ Àû°Ô »ý°¢ÇÏ°í ±×·¡¼­ È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î ÇൿÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÇ °¡´É¼º¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ ½Å°æÀ» ´õ Àû°Ô ¾´´Ù. ±×µéÀº ±×µéÀÌ Àû´çÇÏ´Ù°í ´À³¢´Â ´ë·Î ÇൿÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×µéÀÇ ¸ðµç ÇൿÀº ½ÇÆÐÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ¾î¶² Àǹ̿¡¼­´Â ±×µéÀº HamletÀÌ ¿Ç´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» Áõ¸íÇÑ´Ù. Claudius´Â ´ë´ãÇÑ ÇàÀ§¸¦ ÅëÇؼ­ ¿Õºñ¿Í ¿Õ°üÀ» Â÷ÁöÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×ÀÌ ¾ç½ÉÀÌ ±×¸¦ ½ÉÈ÷ ±«·ÓÈ÷°í ±×ÀÇ ±Ç·Â¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À§ÇùÀ¸·Î ±«·ÓÈûÀ» ´çÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù (¹°·Ð ±×´Â Á״´Ù). Laertes´Â ¾î¶² °Íµµ ±×ÀÇ º¹¼öÀÇ ½ÇÇàÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ±×¸¦ ¶¼¾î ³õÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù°í °á½ÉÇÏÁö¸¸ ClaudiusÀÇ ¸ñÀû¿¡ ½±°Ô ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ°í Á¶Á¾µÇ¾î ÀÌ¿ëµÇ°í ±×ÀÇ µ¶°ËÀº ±×¿¡°Ô·Î µÇµ¹¾Æ¿Â´Ù.
  
  º´µç À°Ã¼·Î¼­ÀÇ ±¹°¡
  
  'Hamlet'¿¡¼­´Â ¿Õ°¡ÀÇ º¹Áö¿Í ±¹°¡ÀÇ ¾È³çÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇؼ­ ¸ðµç °ÍÀÌ ÇϳªÀÇ Àüü·Î¼­ ¿¬°üµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ±ØÀÇ Ãʱâ ÀåµéÀº ÇÑ ÅëÄ¡ÀÚ¿¡¼­ ´Ù¸¥ ÅëÄ¡ÀÚ¿¡°Ô·Î ±Ç·ÂÀÇ À̵¿À» µÑ·¯½Î°í ÀÖ´Â ºÒ¾È°ú °øÆ÷°¨À» Ž»öÇÑ´Ù. ±Ø Àüü¸¦ ÅëÇؼ­ Àι°µéÀº ÅëÄ¡ÀÚÀÇ µµ´öÀû ÇÕ¹ý¼º°ú ±¹°¡ÀÇ °Ç°­ »çÀÌÀÇ ¸í¹éÇÑ °ü·Ã¼ºÀ» ±×¸®°í ÀÖ´Ù. µ§¸¶Å©´Â Claudius¿Í GertrudeÀÇ µµ´öÀû Ÿ¶ô¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ­ º´ÀÌ µç À°Ã¼·Î¼­ ºó¹øÇÏ°Ô ¹¦»çµÇ°í ÀÖ°í, ¸¹Àº °üÂûÀÚµéÀº À¯·ÉÀÇ ÃâÇöÀ» ¡°µ§¸¶Å© ³ª¶ó¿¡ ¹º°¡ ºÎÆеǾî ÀÖ¾î¿ä.¡±¶ó´Â °ÍÀ» °¡¸®Å°´Â ÃÊÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀΠ¡Á¶·Î Çؼ®ÇÑ´Ù. Á×Àº Hamlet¿ÕÀº ±×ÀÇ ÁöµµÇÏ¿¡ ±¹°¡°¡ °Ç°­ÇÏ¿´´ø °­Á÷ÇÑ ÅëÄ¡ÀÚ·Î ¹¦»çµÇ¸ç ¹Ý¸é¿¡ »ç¾ÇÇÑ Á¤Ä¡°¡ÀÎ Claudius´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¿å¸ÁÀ» ¸¸Á·½ÃÅ°±â À§ÇÏ¿© µ§¸¶Å©¸¦ Ÿ¶ô½ÃÅ°°í ´õ·´Çû´Ù(compromise:¼Õ»ó½ÃÅ°´Ù, ´õ·´È÷´Ù). ±ØÀÇ ³¡¿¡ °¡¼­ °í°áÇÑ Fortinbras°¡ ±Ç·ÂÀÇ ÀÚ¸®¿¡ ¿À¸£´Â °ÍÀº µ§¸¶Å©°¡ ´Ù½Ã °­ÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ï½ÃÇÑ´Ù.
  
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  Àΰ£ÀÌ Á×À½À» ÃÊ¿ùÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â À¯ÇÑÀûÀÎ Á¸ÀçÀÌ°í ±× À¯ÇÑÇÑ »î¸¶Àú Àΰ£ÀÌ ¿î¸íÀûÀ¸·Î °¡Áö°Ô µÇ´Â ¾àÁ¡°ú ´É·ÂÀÇ ÇÑ°è·Î ÀÎÇØ °íÅ뽺·´°Ô º¸³»¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ 'Hamlet'ÀÌ º¸¿© ÁÖ´Â ¼¼°èÀÌ´Ù. 'Hamlet'¿¡¼­ Á×À½ÀÇ °­·ÂÇÑ Àǹ̴ ¼¼ °¡Áö ÇüÅ·Π³ªÅ¸³­´Ù. ù° Àΰ£¿¡°Ô´Â ½ÇÆа¡ ÇÊ¿¬À̶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±Ø¿¡¼­´Â Àΰ£ÀÇ ¾àÇÔ, Àΰ£ ¸ñÀûÀÇ ºÒ¾ÈÁ¤¼º, ¿î¸í¿¡ÀÇ Á¾¼Ó µî Àΰ£ÀÇ ¹«·ÂÇÔÀÌ ¹Ýº¹ÀûÀ¸·Î °­Á¶µÈ´Ù. ÇÑ Àΰ£¿¡°Ô¼­ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ´Ü ÇϳªÀÇ ¿ÀÁ¡ÀÌ ±× »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÀÎ°Ý Àüü´Â ¹°·Ð ÁÖº¯µµ ¿À¿°½ÃŲ´Ù.
  
  ½Ã°£Àº Àΰ£ÀÇ ¸Í¼¼³ª ÀÇÁö¸¦ Á¦ÇÑÇÏ°í ¾àÈ­½ÃŲ´Ù. »ç¶ûµµ ½Ã°£ÀÌ °¡¸é º¯È­ÇÑ´Ù. ¸ñÀûµµ º¯È­ÇÑ´Ù. Claudius´Â "¿ì¸®´Â ¿ì¸®°¡ ÇÏ°í ½ÍÀº °ÍÀº Áï½Ã ½ÇÇàÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ¡®ÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù¡¯´Â ÀÇÁöµµ º¯Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù."¶ó¸ç 'Hamlet'À» µ¶»ìÇÒ °èȹÀ» Áöü ¾øÀÌ ½ÇÇàÇϱ⸦ Ã˱¸ÇÑ´Ù.
  
  ±ØÁß ¿ÕÀº Àΰ£ ÀÇÁöÀÇ °¡º¯¼ºÀ» ´õ¿í ´õ ºñ°üÀûÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀº ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ±â¾ï¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ°í ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ±â¾ïÀº »¡¸® »ç¶óÁø´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â °­·ÄÇÑ °¨Á¤ÀÇ »óÅ¿¡¼­ ¾î¶² °ÍÀ» Á¦¾ÈÇÏÁö¸¸ ±× °¨Á¤µµ »ç¶óÁö°í ±×¿Í ÇÔ²² ¿ì¸®ÀÇ °á½Éµµ »ç¶óÁø´Ù.
  
  ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¿î¸íµµ º¯È­ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·± º¯È­¿Í ÇÔ²² »ç¶ûµµ º¯ÇÑ´Ù. Àΰ£ÀÇ Àǵµ¿Í ¼Ò¸ÁÀÌ ¿î¸í¿¡ Á¾¼ÓµÈ´Ù´Â °Íµµ 'Hamlet'¿¡¼­ ¹Ýº¹µÇ´Â ÁÖÁ¦ÀÌ´Ù. ¿î¸íÀÇ ¿©½ÅÀº â³à¿Í °°¾Æ¼­ ºÎÆÐÇÏ°í ¾ÇÇÑ Àΰ£µéÀÌ Ã¢³àÀÇ ëäÝ»(À½ºÎ)¿¡¼­ ¹øâÇÑ´Ù. ¿î¸íÀÇ ¿©½ÅÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ±¤¶õÇÏ´Â îØ(Àû)°ú °°¾Æ¼­ ÀûÀÇ µ¹ÆÈ¸Å¿Í È­»ì¿¡ 'Hamlet'°°ÀÌ ¿øÄ¢À» ÁöÅ°·Á´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ °íÅëÀ» ¹Þ°Å³ª Á×À½¿¡ À̸¥´Ù.
  
  Êïæø(°¨¿°)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °­Á¶µµ Á×À½ÀÇ ÁÖÁ¦¿Í Á÷Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î °ü·ÃµÈ´Ù. ¿Ü°ßÀ¸·Î´Â °Ç°­ÇÏ°Ô º¸ÀÌÁö¸¸ ³»ÀûÀ¸·Î´Â ,'¼û°ÜÁø Á¾¾ç'À¸·Î ÀÎÇØ Á×¾î °£´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ »ì°í ÀÖ´Â ¼¼°è´Â ÁË ÀÖ´Â ÀÚ¿Í ÁË ¾ø´Â ÀÚ¸¦ °¡¸®Áö ¾Ê°í ¹«ÀÚºñÇÏ°Ô Æĸê½ÃÅ°´Â º´±ÕÀ¸·Î °¨¿°µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »îÀÇ Á¶°Ç¿¡ ´ëÇØ °³ÀÎÀº Ã¥ÀÓÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ 'Hamlet'ÀÇ ºñ±Ø ¼¼°èÀÌ¸ç »îÀÇ ºñ±ØÀû ¹Ì½ºÅ͸®(mystery)ÀÌ´Ù. Çܸ´Àº ÀÌ·¸°Ô °¨¿°µÈ µ§¸¶Å©¸¦ ¹°·Á¹Þ¾ÒÀ¸¸ç ±×´Â ¡°±×°ÍÀ» ¹Ù¸£°Ô ¼¼¿ì±â À§ÇØ Å¾´Ù(born to set it right.).¡±
  
  µ§¸¶Å©ÀÇ °¨¿°Àº µ¶¾àÀ¸·Îµµ ³ªÅ¸³­´Ù. Claudius°¡ ¼±¿Õ(à»èÝ)ÀÇ ±Í¿¡ º×´Â µ¶¾àÀº ¡°¸¼°í °Ç°­ÇÑ ÇǸ¦ ÀÀ°á½ÃÅ°´Â ³ªº´ °°Àº Áõ·ù¼ö¡±·Î¼­ µ¶¾à°ú º´±ÕÀÌ °áÇÕµÈ ÇüÅÂÀÌ´Ù. Claudius¶ó´Â º´µç ¿µÈ¥À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ »õ¾î³ª¿À´Â Ô¸(µ¶)Àº µ§¸¶Å© Àüü°¡ ºÎÆÐÇÏ°í º´µé ¶§±îÁö ÆÛÁ® ³ª°£´Ù. Çܸ´ÀÇ ÁöÇý´Â 'º´µé°í' ¿Õºñ´Â ÀÚ±âÀÇ ¿µÈ¥Àº º´µç ¿µÈ¥À̶ó°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. Laertes´Â ¸¶À½ÀÇ º´À» °íÄ¡±â À§ÇØ º¹¼ö¸¦ °èȹÇÏ¸ç ±¹¹ÎµéÀº '»ý°¢ÀÌ ÁøÈëÅÁ ¹°Ã³·³ µÐŹÇÏ°í ºÒ°Ç°­ÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾î°¡°í', »ç¶÷µéÀº OpheliaÀÇ ¹ß±¤Àº '±íÀº ½½ÇÄÀÇ µ¶' ¶§¹®À̶ó°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. °á±¹ Ophelia¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í ¸ðµÎ µ¶À¸·Î Á×°Ô µÈ´Ù.
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