Candle-light Protests and Rule of Law
The purest candle-light gatherings were ones I saw on Christmas Eve during my childhood. The purest protests I saw were the ones driven by genuine patriotism that took place against a former dictatorship during the 1980s.

Kim Pyung-woo     ÇÊÀÚÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ±â»çº¸±â 

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by Kim Pyung-woo (Attorney and Former Head of Korea Bar Association)

When I was a child, we would hit the streets following church service on Christmas Eve and sing carols while holding candles. The star-filled night sky was a magnificent sight as we sang clutching candles in our hands. I fondly recall returning home and drifting blissfully into sleep after a night of singing carols.
 
I cannot say for sure exactly when it started, but candles came to symbolize political protests in Korea. Candle-light demonstrators filled the streets of downtown Seoul in 2002 when two school girls were accidentally run over and killed by a U.S. armored vehicle, in 2008 to protest the resumption of American beef imports, in 2014 to protest the sinking of the Sewol ferry and in 2016 to protest demanding the president's resignation. The Sewol ferry protests, for instance, got off to a  serene start marked by candle-light demonstrations, only to be overpowered by violent protesters resulting in clashes with police. The presidential impeachment protests have yet to be marred by violence and have instead been characterized by musical performances by well-known singers and dancers, which has led many to scratch their heads wondering if the gatherings should be called demonstrations or festivals. Foreigners are shouting praises at the ¡°ingenuity¡± of Korean protesters, who have developed a new form of protest that fuses demonstrations with concerts.
 
Just 30 years ago, protests in Korea were characterized by stone-hurling demonstrators chanting out loud as they faced off against armored police vehicles firing tear gas and water cannons. Such confrontations usually resulted in violent clashes that left many wounded. At that time, Korea was notorious for its violent protests. But since then, protests in Korea have been turned into cultural festivals. It is no surprise that the world is amazed by the rapid change. Korean academics and the news media are patting themselves on their backs over the transformation of protests into peaceful cultural events.
 
But this is merely a superficial observation. I am not sure if this constitutes evolution or progress, but a closer look at the phenomenon paints a starkly different picture. It is difficult to see how rotten the core is by glancing at the packaging. In the eyes of the rule of law, Korea truly faces a crisis.
 
It is physically impossible to organize a cultural festival when masses of people converge. A gathering of around a thousand people is sufficient to hold a cultural festival. For a crowd numbering in the hundreds of thousands, perhaps the vast Daegwallyeong plain in Gangwon Province is more suitable. In the eyes of a lawyer like myself, the event seems to be simply an excuse to boost the number of protesters by pretending to be a cultural festival.
 
Second, who supplied the candles for the protesters? The organizers of the protests did. And did the protesters receive just candles? Didn¡¯t they receive packaged meals and even money? (Of course, there will be many people who did not receive any money, but reliable sources on social media say they did.) As the press and organizers say, the cost rises to billions and tens of billions of won if millions of people converge to protest. Political action costs money. There should be no problems if the organizers covered the expenses from their own pockets, but if the money came from another source, should it be reported as a political contribution? If such unclear sources of funding remain hidden, the peaceful demonstrations and cultural protests are rotten to the core, yet wrapped in deceptive packaging.
 
Third, what is the slogan of the demonstrations? It is the resignation of the president. However, Park was elected into office in December of 2012 after winning 51.6% of the ballots in an election that drew a 75.8% voter turnout. Furthermore, the Park Geun-hye administration is a legitimate government succeeding the Roh Tae-woo, Kim Young-sam, Kim Dae-jung, Kim Dae-jung, Roh Moo-hyun and Lee Myung-bak administrations based on the five-year single-term presidency guaranteed by the Constitution that has governed our nation since 1987. Whatever the reason, any attempt to overthrow this democratically-elected and legitimate government goes directly against the Constitution. If a soldier attempted such a move, it would simply be a coup d¡¯etat. Do candles replacing guns make such an attempt legitimate? Does such an attempt suddenly become legal simply because civilians rather than soldiers are behind it?
 
Fourth, hundreds of thousands of demonstrators who participated in the protests were prodded on by the news media and SNS. But what motivated the demonstrators? Shouldn¡¯t political demonstrations be fueled by patriotism? However, a majority of the demonstrators simply wanted to see the performances put on by entertainers, get free meals and earn some cash or take selfies of themselves participating in a demonstration with famous politicians such as AhnCheol-soo and Moon Jae-in to show off to their friends. This is not pure patriotism, but the pursuit of personal gain or pleasure.
 
For members of my generation, who used to skip classes and lunches during college in order to take part in pro-democracy protests, braving tear gas, injury and even imprisonment, the present demonstrations are simply lamentable. Do the modern-day protesters even know the ramifications of the president¡¯s resignation?
 
Fifth, it is only natural to assume that the organizers have a purpose in planning such massive candle-light protests by spending billions and hundreds of billions of won. Is it patriotism? I do not think so. Politicians and the elite members of our society who flocking around them know fully well that Park is a single woman with no family, no friends, no companions, who has only a year left in office with no white knight to come and save her. Their aim is to seize power by forcing presidential elections to be held earlier than scheduled. For them, the billions and hundreds of billions of won spent to organize massive candle-light protests are small change when compared to the trillions and tens of trillions of won they may gain after wresting control of government. Politicians are willing to do anything to win. However, in the eyes of a lawyer like myself, it is a shame that honest citizens are participating in illegal candle-light protests that are disguised as cultural events.
 
I¡¯m afraid that the purest candle-light events were the caroling I used to take part in on Christmas Eve when I was a child. And the true protests were the ones I used to take part in as a university student  that were fueled by pure patriotism as I braved tear gas.
 
Dec. 16, 2016


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Ãâó : Translated by Simon Lim
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