Is This Korean-Style Democracy?
In my opinion, passing on the cost of campaigning to the public constitutes a truly undemocratic election process. Then, shouldn¡¯t the money presidential hopefuls receive from the state to fund their election campaigns be returned to the public?

Kim Pyung-woo     ÇÊÀÚÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ±â»çº¸±â 

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by Kim Pyung-woo (Attorney and Former Head of Korea Bar Association)

Korea achieved the economic miracle from being one of the poorest agrarian countries to becoming one of the world¡¯s top 10 trading powerhouses in the span of only a few decades, yet has not received proper credit for this achievement due to its stigma of being ruled by military dictators. That is why Koreans adopted a single, five-year presidential term in 1987 (most countries that elect presidents have adopted consecutive, four-year terms. Only a small handful of countries that suffered under long-term dictatorships have adopted single-term presidencies. Mexico is another country that has adopted a single, six-year presidential term.)
 
As a result, Koreans have elected six different presidents over the last 29 years, from Roh Tae-woo, Kim Young-sam, Kim Dae-jung, Roh Moo-hyun and Lee Myung-bakto Park Geun-hye, each differing in age and hailing from different parts of Korea. Korea is the only country in the world to have elected six different presidents over a 29-year period (in the U.S., most presidents succeeded in winning consecutive terms and held office for eight years).
 
All of the president were elected following more than 75-percent voter participation through direct balloting (in contrast, U.S. elections are indirect with voter turnouts of less than 60 percent). How many countries in the world can boast about such a democratic voting process?
 
Half of the world¡¯s population does not get a chance to democratically elect their leaders as are the cases in North Korea and China, for instance. And the other half of the world have cabinet-style governments and voters get to elect only lawmakers rather than presidents or prime ministers.
 
A few years ago, a Japanese lawyer who is a friend of mine told me over a drink that his dream was to be able to cast his vote in electing the prime minister and voiced his envy for the Korean people who get to elect their president every five years and lawmakers every four.  He even lamented that it costs a lot of money to hold elections and that Japan probably would not be able to afford so many of them. I was astounded by his comments. I recall trying to get through the awkwardness of the moment by joking to him that Koreans were really stressed out and that they turned to elections to let off some steam, even though they may cost a lot of money.
 
We hold elections every two years on average if you include the presidential election, general election and by-elections. Yet Koreans hit the streets holding pro-democracy protests less than a year after elections and call for revolutions. Their reasons vary widely. In 2002 it was to protest the deaths of two school girls by an armored U.S. vehicle. In 2008 it was to protest against the resumed imports of American beef, which one TV news documentary portrayed as being laced with the virus that causes the rare human form of mad cow disease. And in 2014, it was to protest the deaths of high school students in a ferry accident.
 
And in 2016, protesters are up in arms again seeking to bring the president down less than six months after the latest general elections, taking issue with minor issues, such as a close confidante of Park revising her speeches, the confidante¡¯s daughter gaining entry into university as a gifted athlete and allegations that she received bribes from big businesses. They want to drive out a president who has less than a year left in office. And 90 percent of the public supports this so-called democratic revolution. Just what is democracy anyways?
 
At the heart of democracy is the voting process. This is the official definition according to the United Nations. China and Saudi Arabia are wealthy countries, but do not hold elections and are undemocratic countries. India is one of the poorest countries in the world, but holds elections and is considered as a democracy.
 
Our country elects a president every five years and lawmakers every four. And Koreans actually cast their ballots every two years if you consider by-elections that are held frequently. Not only that, Koreans elect even provincial governors, city and county representatives and heads of education offices. If a country like ours is considered undemocratic, than what country can be described as a true democracy?
 
In addition, taxpayers and the government foot most of the costs of these elections. I do not know any other country in the world where taxpayers and the government covers all of the election expenses. (In the U.S., elections are funded by campaign donations or from the own pockets of candidates, such as President Donald Trump.) In my opinion, having the public and government pay for the election is a truly undemocratic voting process. If so, shouldn¡¯t the presidential hopefuls pay back the taxpayer¡¯s money they received for their campaigns? Shouldn¡¯t the news media and civic groups be crying out for revolution to rectify such an undemocratic election process?
 
Does the Korean public really want to hold a fresh round of presidential elections for the next several months less than half a year after they elected new lawmakers? People in other countries are happy with electing lawmakers once every four years, but do we really need to hold elections twice a year?
 
Perhaps if Korea was to become a democratic nation envisioned by 90 percent of the public, the president, lawmakers, provincial governors and other public officials should hold one-year terms and hold elections every month. Perhaps that will force them to stop hitting the streets with minor complaints?

But if taxpayers and the government have to foot the bill for those monthly elections, the entire nation will go bankrupt in a matter of years. In order to prevent this, we will have to let candidates receive donations or pay for their own election campaigns. I totally support that. If that is the Korean-style democracy the public desires.
 
Dec. 17, 2016


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2016.12.17. ÑÑøÁéÞ(±èÆò¿ì)
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Ãâó : Translated by Simon Lim
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