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Those in the South obtain a good education, and face incentives that encourage them to exert effort and excel in their chosen vocation. South Korea is a market economy, built on private property. South Korean teenagers know that, if successful as entrepreneurs or workers, they can one day enjoy the fruits of their investments and efforts; they can improve their standard of living and buy cars, houses, and health care.


In the south the state supports economic activity. So it is possible for entrepreneurs to borrow money from banks and financial markets, for foreign companies to enter into partnerships with South Korean firms, for individuals to take up mortgages to buy houses. In the South, by and large, you are free to open any business you like. In the North, you are not. In the South, you can hire workers, sell your products or services, and spend your money in the marketplace in whichever way you want. In the North, there are only black markets. These different rules are the institutions under which North and South Koreans live.〈D. Acemoglu and J.A. Robinson, Why Nations Fail〉


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³²ÂÊ¿¡¼­´Â ±¹°¡°¡ °æÁ¦È°µ¿À» Áö¿øÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ±â¾÷°¡µéÀº ÀºÇà°ú ±ÝÀ¶½ÃÀå¿¡¼­ ÀÚ±ÝÀ» ºô¸± ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ¿Ü±¹È¸»çµéÀº Çѱ¹È¸»ç¿Í ÇÕÀÛÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, °³ÀεéÀº ÁýÀ» »ç±â À§ÇÏ¿© Àú´çÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ³²ÇÑ¿¡¼­´Â ´ëü·Î ¿øÇÏ´Â »ç¾÷À» °³¾÷ÇÒ ÀÚÀ¯°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ºÏÇÑ¿¡¼­´Â ±×·¸Áö ¾Ê´Ù. ³²ÇÑ¿¡¼­´Â ±Ù·ÎÀÚ¸¦ °í¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, Á¦Ç°À̳ª ¿ë¿ªÀ» ÆǸÅÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ÀڱⰡ ¿øÇÏ´Â ¹æ½Ä´ë·Î ÀåÅÍ¿¡¼­ µ·À» ¾µ ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ºÏÇÑ¿¡¼­´Â ¾Ï½ÃÀå»ÓÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌµé »óÀÌÇÑ ±ÔÄ¢µéÀÌ ³²ºÏÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×¿¡ µû¶ó »ì¾Æ°¡¾ßÇÏ´Â Á¦µµÀÌ´Ù.

 


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Áß±¹µµ ¸¶Âù°¡ÁöÀÌ´Ù. ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ÅäÁöÀÇ °³ÀÎ ¼ÒÀ¯´Â ±ÝÁöµÇ¾î ÀÖÁö¸¸ ³ó¹ÎÀº ±¹°¡¿¡¼­ ÅäÁö¸¦ ÀÓ´ëÇÏ¿© ÀÚ±â Ã¥ÀÓ ÇÏ¿¡ ³ó»ç¸¦ Áþ´Â´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ Áß±¹µµ ½Ä·®ºÎÁ·±¹°¡¿¡¼­ Å»ÃâÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. Áß°ø½Ã´ëó·³ ±¾¾îÁ×´Â ³ó¹ÎÀÌ ¾ø°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ³ó¹Îµé¿¡°Ô °æÁ¦Àû ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ ÁÖ´Ï ÀÌ·± ±âÀûÀÌ ÀϾ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ºÏÇѳó¹Î¿¡°Ôµµ ÅäÁö¼ÒÀ¯±ÇÀ» ÁÖ¸é Àû¾îµµ ´ë·®¾Æ»ç¸¸Å­Àº ¸·À» ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

 

°³ÀÎÀÇ °æÁ¦È°µ¿¿¡ ±¹°¡ÀÇ °£¼·À» ÃÖ¼ÒÈ­ÇÏ°í ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ ÃÖ´ëÈ­ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ °æÁ¦¹ßÀüÀÇ ºñ°áÀÌ´Ù. Àΰ£Àº Áý´Üº¸´Ù´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀ» À§Çؼ­ ÀÏÇÒ ¶§ ÃÖ¼±À» ´ÙÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.

 

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