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In October 2019 more than a million Chileans took to the streets to demand greater equality and better public services. At least 30 people died in protests that lasted for weeks. To restore calm, Chile¡¯s leaders increased social spending and agreed to a process to rewrite the constitution adopted under Augusto Pinochet, a dictator who ruled from 1973 to 1990. Members of a constitutional convention elected in May this year, many of them leftists and political neophytes, have begun drafting a charter that could transform the country.


Until recently it looked likely that Chile would elect a new president who shares the protesters¡¯ goals. For months Gabriel Boric, a 35-year old former student leader allied with the Communist Party, was the front-runner in a presidential election whose first round takes place on November 21st. (Legislative and regional elections are also scheduled for that day).(emitted)


Mr Boric would put the presidential palace on the side of the protesters and their allies in the constitutional convention. He would scrap the model for public services introduced by the Pinochet regime, which gives private providers a large role. He would forgive all student debt, abolish private pension funds and make public transport  free and green. Children as young as 14 would be able to change their gender on documents; schools would be equipped with condom dispensers; ¡°at least¡± 1% of jobs in the public sector would be reserved for trans people. Mr Boric would raise taxes by a massive eight percentage points of GDP in as few as six years.〈The Economist Nov 18th 2021〉


2019³â 10¿ù¿¡ ¹é¸¸ÀÇ ChileÀεéÀÌ °Å¸®·Î ¶ÙÃijª¿Í¼­ º¸´Ù ¸¹Àº Æòµî°ú º¸´Ù ´õ ÁÁÀº °ø°ø¼­ºñ½º¸¦ ¿ä±¸ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¼ö ÁÖÀÏ µ¿¾È °è¼ÓµÈ Ç×ÀǽÃÀ§¿¡¼­ Àû¾îµµ 30¸íÀÌ »ç¸ÁÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¾ÈÁ¤À» ȸº¹Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ChileÀÇ ÁöµµÀÚµéÀº »çȸÀû ÁöÃâÀ» Áõ¾×ÇÏ°í 1973³â¿¡¼­ 1990³â Chile¸¦ ÅëÄ¡ÇÏ¿´´ø µ¶ÀçÀÚ Augusto Pinochet°¡ äÅÃÇÏ¿´´ø Çå¹ýÀ» °³Á¤ÇÏ´Â ÀýÂ÷¿¡ µ¿ÀÇÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±Ý³â 5¿ù¿¡ ¼±ÃâµÈ ÀÔÇåȸÀÇ ±¸¼º¿øµéÀº, À̵é Áß ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÁÂÆÄÀÌ°í Á¤Ä¡½ÅÀεéÀε¥, ³ª¶ó¸¦ º¯Çü½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÇåÀåÀ» ÑÃõ®(±âÃÊ)Çϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù±îÁö Chile´Â Ç×ÀǽÃÀ§ÀÚµéÀÇ ¸ñÇ¥¸¦ °øÀ¯ÇÏ´Â »õ·Î¿î ´ëÅë·ÉÀ» ¼±ÃâÇÒ °Í °°¾Ò´Ù. ¼ö°³¿ù µ¿¾È °ø»ê´ç°ú µ¿¸ÍÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â 35¼¼ÀÇ îñ ÇлýÁöµµÀÚ Gabriel BoricÀÌ 11¿ù21ÀÏ¿¡ 1Â÷ ½Ç½ÃµÇ´Â ´ëÅë·É ¼±°ÅÀÇ ¼±µÎ ÁÖÀÚ¿´´Ù. (ÀÔ¹ý¼±°Å¿Í Áö¹æ¼±°Åµµ ±×³¯¿¡ ÀâÇôÀÖ´Ù.) (Áß·«)


BoricÀº ÀÔÇåȸÀÇ¿¡¼­ Ç×ÀǽÃÀ§ÀÚµé°ú ±×µéÀÇ µ¿¸ÍÀÚµé Æí¿¡ ´ëÅë·ÉÀÇ ÀÚ¸®¸¦ °É °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â Pinochet Á¤±ÇÀÌ µµÀÔÇÑ °ø°ø¼­ºñ½º ¸ðµ¨À» Áö¿ö¹ö¸± °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±× ¸ðµ¨Àº ¹Î°£ ¼­ºñ½º °ø±ÞÀڵ鿡°Ô Å« ¿ªÇÒÀ» ºÎ¿©ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸ðµç ÇлýµéÀÇ ºÎ並 ÅÁ°¨ÇØÁÖ°í ¹Î°£ ¿¬±Ý±â±ÝÀ» ÆóÁöÇÏ°í ´ëÁß±³ÅëÀ» ¹«·áÈ­ÇÏ°í ³ì»ö(ź¼Ò¹èÃâ Àý°¨)À¸·Î ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. 14¼¼ ÀÌÇÏÀÇ ¾ÆÀ̵éÀº ¼­·ù¸¸À¸·Î àõ(¼º)À» ¹Ù²Ü ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Çб³¿¡´Â Äܵ¼ÀÚÆDZⰡ ¼³Ä¡µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. °ø°øºÐ¾ß ÀÏÀÚ¸®ÀÇ ¡°Àû¾îµµ¡± 1%´Â ¼ºÀüȯÀÚµé°Ô ÇÒ´çµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. BoricÀº Àû¾îµµ 6³â À̳»¿¡ GDPÀÇ 8%±îÁö ¼¼±ÝÀ» ÀλóÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.



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°ø»ê´ç Á¤±ÇÀ» ¹«·ÂÀ¸·Î Àüº¹½ÃÅ°°í Á¤±ÇÀ» ÀâÀº Pinochet À屺Àº Á¤Ä¡ÀûÀ¸·Î´Â µ¶À縦 ÇÏ¿´Áö¸¸ °æÁ¦Á¤Ã¥Àº ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­ ±³À°¹ÞÀº °æÁ¦Àü¹®°¡µéÀÇ Á¶¾ð¿¡ µû¶ó ½ÇÇàÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×´Â »çȸºÒ¾ÈÀ» ȹåÇÏ´Â ÁÂÆĵéÀ» ¹«ÀÚºñÇÏ°Ô Åº¾ÐÇϸ鼭 °æÁ¦°Ç¼³¿¡ Àü³äÇÏ¿© ³²¹ÌÀÇ ¿©Å¸ ±¹°¡µéó·³ °æÁ¦ÀûÀ¸·Î ÈÄÁøÀûÀ̵ç Chile¸¦ ¼±Áø±¹ ¹®ÅαîÁö ²ø¾î ¿Ã·È¾ú´Ù.


¿À´Ã³¯ Chile´Â ³²¹Ì¿¡¼­ °æÁ¦ÀûÀ¸·Î °¡Àå Àß ³ª°¡´Â ³ª¶óÀÌ´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ ÀÌ·± ChileÀÇ °æÁ¦°¡ ¹ÎÁÖÈ­ ÀÌÈÄ µæ¼¼ÇÑ ÁÂÆĵéÀÇ ¼±µ¿°ú ´ëÁß¿µÇÕÁÖÀÇ Á¤Ã¥À¸·Î ´Ù½Ã À§±â¿¡ óÇØ ÀÖ´Ù. »çȸÁÖÀÇ º´¿¡ °É·Á Venezuelaó·³ ¸ÁÁ¶°¡ µé°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±¹¹ÎµéÀÌ °øÂ¥¸¦ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ°í °øÂ¥¸¦ ´ç¿¬½ÃÇÒ ¸¸Å­ ´õ·´°Ô Ÿ¶ôÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿µÈ¥ÀÌ º´µç ±¹¹ÎÀº ¼±Áø°æÁ¦¸¦ ÀÌ·èÇϱⰡ Èûµé°í ¼³È¤ ¼±ÁøºÎ±¹ÀÌ µÇ´õ¶óµµ ´Ù½Ã ÈÄÁø°æÁ¦·Î Àü¶ôÇϱ⠸¶·ÃÀÌ´Ù.


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