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In evaluating Nietzsche's philosophy a distinction has to be made between the challenge it presents and Nietzsche's own answer to that challenge. Most people have found the challenge legitimate and exceedingly powerful while rejecting Nietzsche's own response to it. The challenge is that if we no longer hold traditional religious beliefs it is illegitimate for us to go on embracing a morality and values that derive their justification from those beliefs. Our whole position, if we do that, is phony, false. We are under obligation to, as Nietzsche puts it, reevalueate our values. In other words we need from the bottom up, to carry out a radical reappraisal of our morals and our values on the basis of beliefs that we do really genuinely hold. This is a hair-raising challenge, and one of fundamental urgency in an increasingly irreligious world. Ever since Nietzsche put it before us, it has remained the supreme ethical challenge confronting not only the West but people everywhere who no longer have faith in a religion. It set the moral agenda for the existentialist philosophies of the 20th century. And it remains unanswered in the minds of most people who have given it their serious consideration. Indeed, in the opinion of many it is the most important philosophical question that confronts us today. For this alone, Nietzsche stands at or near the head of those philosophers whom we ourselves have to come to with.


NietzscheÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐÀ» Æò°¡ÇÔ¿¡ À־ ±× öÇÐÀÌ Á¦½ÃÇÏ´Â µµÀü°ú ±× µµÀü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Nietzsche ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÀ´ä »çÀÌ¿¡ ±¸º°À» ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº ±× µµÀü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Nietzsche ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÀ´äÀ» °ÅºÎÇÒ ¶§¿¡ ±× µµÀüÀÌ ÇÕ¹ýÀûÀÌ µÇ°í ±Øµµ·Î °­·ÂÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±× µµÀüÀº ¸¸¾à ¿ì¸®°¡ ÀüÅëÀû Á¾±³ÀÇ ½Å¾ÓÀ» ´õ ÀÌ»ó °¡Áö°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é ¿ì¸®°¡ ±× ½Å¾ÓÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Á¤´ç¼ºÀ» À̲ø¾î¿À´Â µµ´ö°ú °¡Ä¡¸¦ °è¼Ó Ç°°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº ºÒ¹ýÀûÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ ¸¸¾à ±×·¸°Ô ÇÏ¸é ¿ì¸® Àüü ÀÔÁö´Â °¡Â¥°¡ µÇ°í °ÅÁþÀÌ µÈ´Ù. Nietzsche°¡ ¸»ÇÑ °Íó·³ ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ °¡Ä¡¸¦ ÀçÆò°¡ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ Àǹ«°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ´Þ¸® ¸»Çؼ­ ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ì¸®°¡ Áø½Ç·Î ¼ø¼öÇÏ°Ô ¹Ï°í ÀÖ´Â ½Å¾ÓÀÇ Åä´ë À§¿¡¼­ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ µµ´ö°ú °¡Ä¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±ÞÁøÀûÀÎ ÀçÆò°¡¸¦ ¹Ø¹Ù´Ú¿¡¼­ºÎÅÍ ½ÇÇàÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ²ûÂïÇÑ(hair-raising: ¼Ò¸§ ³¢Ä¡´Â) µµÀüÀÌ°í, Á¡Á¡ ´õ Úã½Å¾ÓÀûÀ¸·Î µÇ¾î°¡°í ÀÖ´Â ¼¼»ó¿¡¼­ ±Ùº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ±ä±ÞÇÑ µµÀüÀÌ´Ù. Nietzsche°¡ ¿ì¸® ¾Õ¿¡ ±× µµÀü(it)À» Á¦½ÃÇÑ ÀÌÈÄ ÁÙ°ð ±× µµÀüÀº ¼­¾ç»Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Á¾±³¿¡ À־ ´õ ÀÌ»ó ½Å¾ÓÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Â ¼¼°è ¸ðµç °÷ÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Á÷¸éÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ÃÖ°íÀÇ À±¸®Àû µµÀüÀ¸·Î ³²¾ÆÀÖ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº 20¼¼±â ½ÇÁ¸ÁÖÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐÀ» À§ÇÑ µµ´öÀû ³íÁ¦°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±× µµÀüÀº ±×°Í¿¡ ½É°¢ÇÑ °í·Á¸¦ ÁÖ¾î¿Â ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Á¤½Å ¼Ó¿¡ ÇØ´äµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ä·Î ³²¾ÆÀÖ´Ù. Áø½Ç·Î ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÀÇ°ßÀ¸·Î´Â ±×°ÍÀº ¿À´Ã ³¯ ¿ì¸®¸¦ Á÷¸éÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ Ã¶ÇÐÀû Àǹ®ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°Í Çϳª¸¸À¸·Îµµ Nietzsche´Â ¿ì¸® ÀڽŵéÀÌ ¸¸³ª°Ô µÇ´Â öÇÐÀÚµé Áß¿¡¼­ ¼±µÎ¿¡ ¶Ç´Â ¼±µÎ °¡±îÀÌ¿¡ ¼­ ÀÖ´Ù.

 

 

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